ABSTRACT
Introduction: HbA1c used for the assessment of glycemicstatus of the diabetic patients is widely recommended for itsuse for diagnosing diabetes. A positive association betweenthyroid disorder and diabetes mellitus is well recognizedbut to study the effect of thyroid disorders on glucosemetabolism in non diabetic patients is an area for extensiveresearch. Objective of the study was to study the glycosylatedhaemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in Non diabetic patients withhypothyroidism.Material and methods: Patients attending teaching hospitalsattached to BMCRI who fulfilled the inclusion criteria weretaken into study during the period from November 2017-May2019. It was a cross sectional study. Descriptive statistics likemean, standard deviation were calculated. Inferential statisticslike Mann-whitney test was used to compare the parametersbetween two groups.Results: During the period of study, 130 patients were studiedof these, 65 were cases who were non diabetic patients withhypothyroidism, 65 controls who were non diabetic euthyroidpatients. Among 65 cases 5 patients had normal HbA1C levels(7.7%) and 60 patients had increased HbA1C levels (Prediabetes) (92.3%), among 65 controls 56 patients had normalHbA1C levels (86.2%) and 9 patients had increased HbA1Clevels (13.8%).Conclusion: From the results of the present study it can beconcluded HbA1c levels were significantly higher in nondiabetic patients with hypothyroidism when compared tonon diabetic patients with normal thyroid function (meanHbA1C levels were 5.87± 0.23 vs 5.42 ± 0.24) (P <0.0001)which was statistically significant. Therefore it is suggestedthat the effects of the hypothyroidism on the HbA1c must beconsidered when interpreting the HbA1c for the diagnosis ofprediabetes.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION:Unused and expired drugs in the households constitute a dominating cause of environmental contamination with drugs and other health hazards in addition to Industrial waste of the pharmaceutical companies. There are no proper disposal mechanisms being followed in India even we do not have a legislation to follow and to make health care providers accountable. METHODOLOGY:Around 650 households were surveyed to know about their current practicing methods of drug disposal and also their knowledge on impact of improper drug disposal on health and environment. RESULTS:Our study shown that nearly 85% of the participants discarded leftover medications by throwing them in the Garbage, while 7% burned in open place and few Respondents 1-2% followed returned to Pharmacy/health facility/friends etc. CONCLUSIONS :There is an urgent need for creating awareness among the people regarding proper drug disposal mechanisms
ABSTRACT
Hydatid disease may occur in any organ of the human body, but an isolated retrovesical hydatid [RVH] cyst is rare. We report two cases of isolated RVH cyst - one mimicking an ovarian cyst, the other presenting as acute urinary retention - and a third case of RVH cyst associated with bladder and rectal fistula and a hepatic hydatid cyst